# std/jsonutils

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This module implements a hookable (de)serialization for arbitrary types using JSON. Design goal: avoid importing modules where a custom serialization is needed; see strtabs.fromJsonHook,toJsonHook for an example.

Example:

    import std/jsonutils
    import std/[strtabs,json]
    type Foo = ref object
      t: bool
      z1: int8
    let a = (1.5'f32, (b: "b2", a: "a2"), 'x', @[Foo(t: true, z1: -3), nil], [{"name": "John"}.newStringTable])
    let j = a.toJson
    assert j.jsonTo(typeof(a)).toJson == j
    assert $[NaN, Inf, -Inf, 0.0, -0.0, 1.0, 1e-2].toJson == """["nan","inf","-inf",0.0,-0.0,1.0,0.01]"""
    assert 0.0.toJson.kind == JFloat
    assert Inf.toJson.kind == JString

# Imports

json, strutils, tables, sets, strtabs, options, macros, enumutils, typetraits, assertions

# Types

    EnumMode = enum
      joptEnumOrd, joptEnumSymbol, joptEnumString

  Source Edit

    Joptions = object
      allowExtraKeys*: bool ## If `true` Nim's object to which the JSON is parsed is not required to
                            ## have a field for every JSON key.
      allowMissingKeys*: bool ## If `true` Nim's object to which JSON is parsed is allowed to have
                              ## fields without corresponding JSON keys.

  Options controlling the behavior of `fromJson`. Source Edit

    JsonNodeMode = enum
      joptJsonNodeAsRef,        ## returns the ref as is
      joptJsonNodeAsCopy,       ## returns a deep copy of the JsonNode
      joptJsonNodeAsObject       ## treats JsonNode as a regular ref object

  controls `toJson` for JsonNode types Source Edit

    ToJsonOptions = object
      enumMode*: EnumMode
      jsonNodeMode*: JsonNodeMode

  Source Edit

# Procs

    proc fromJson[T](a: var T; b: JsonNode; opt = Joptions())

  Source Edit

    proc fromJsonHook(a: var StringTableRef; b: JsonNode) {.
        ...raises: [ValueError, KeyError, JsonKindError], tags: [RootEffect],
        forbids: [].}

  Enables `fromJson` for `StringTableRef` type.

  See also:

  - toJsonHook proc

  Example:

      import std/[strtabs, json]
      var t = newStringTable(modeCaseSensitive)
      let jsonStr = """{"mode": 0, "table": {"name": "John", "surname": "Doe"}}"""
      fromJsonHook(t, parseJson(jsonStr))
      assert t[] == newStringTable("name", "John", "surname", "Doe",
                                   modeCaseSensitive)[]

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    proc fromJsonHook[A](s: var SomeSet[A]; jsonNode: JsonNode; opt = Joptions())

  Enables `fromJson` for `HashSet` and `OrderedSet` types.

  See also:

  - toJsonHook proc

  Example:

      import std/[sets, json]
      var foo: tuple[hs: HashSet[string], os: OrderedSet[string]]
      fromJson(foo, parseJson("""
            {"hs": ["hash", "set"], "os": ["ordered", "set"]}"""))
      assert foo.hs == ["hash", "set"].toHashSet
      assert foo.os == ["ordered", "set"].toOrderedSet

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    proc fromJsonHook[K: string | cstring; V](
        t: var (Table[K, V] | OrderedTable[K, V]); jsonNode: JsonNode;
        opt = Joptions())

  Enables `fromJson` for `Table` and `OrderedTable` types.

  See also:

  - toJsonHook proc

  Example:

      import std/[tables, json]
      var foo: tuple[t: Table[string, int], ot: OrderedTable[string, int]]
      fromJson(foo, parseJson("""
            {"t":{"two":2,"one":1},"ot":{"one":1,"three":3}}"""))
      assert foo.t == [("one", 1), ("two", 2)].toTable
      assert foo.ot == [("one", 1), ("three", 3)].toOrderedTable

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    proc fromJsonHook[T](self: var Option[T]; jsonNode: JsonNode; opt = Joptions())

  Enables `fromJson` for `Option` types.

  See also:

  - toJsonHook proc

  Example:

      import std/[options, json]
      var opt: Option[string]
      fromJsonHook(opt, parseJson("\"test\""))
      assert get(opt) == "test"
      fromJson(opt, parseJson("null"))
      assert isNone(opt)

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    proc initToJsonOptions(): ToJsonOptions {....raises: [], tags: [], forbids: [].}

  initializes `ToJsonOptions` with sane options. Source Edit

    proc jsonTo(b: JsonNode; T: typedesc; opt = Joptions()): T:type

  Source Edit

    proc toJson[T](a: T; opt = initToJsonOptions()): JsonNode

  serializes `a` to json; uses `toJsonHook(a: T)` if it's in scope to customize serialization, see strtabs.toJsonHook for an example.
  Note: With `-d:nimPreviewJsonutilsHoleyEnum`, `toJson` now can serialize/deserialize holey enums as regular enums (via `ord`) instead of as strings. It is expected that this behavior becomes the new default in upcoming versions.
  Source Edit

    proc toJsonHook(a: StringTableRef): JsonNode {....raises: [], tags: [], forbids: [].}

  Enables `toJson` for `StringTableRef` type.

  See also:

  - fromJsonHook proc

  Example:

      import std/[strtabs, json]
      let t = newStringTable("name", "John", "surname", "Doe", modeCaseSensitive)
      let jsonStr = """{"mode": "modeCaseSensitive",
                            "table": {"name": "John", "surname": "Doe"}}"""
      assert toJson(t) == parseJson(jsonStr)

  Source Edit

    proc toJsonHook[A](s: SomeSet[A]; opt = initToJsonOptions()): JsonNode

  Enables `toJson` for `HashSet` and `OrderedSet` types.

  See also:

  - fromJsonHook proc

  Example:

      import std/[sets, json]
      let foo = (hs: ["hash"].toHashSet, os: ["ordered", "set"].toOrderedSet)
      assert $toJson(foo) == """{"hs":["hash"],"os":["ordered","set"]}"""

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    proc toJsonHook[K: string | cstring; V](t: (Table[K, V] | OrderedTable[K, V]);
                                            opt = initToJsonOptions()): JsonNode

  Enables `toJson` for `Table` and `OrderedTable` types.

  See also:

  - fromJsonHook proc

  Example:

      import std/[tables, json, sugar]
      let foo = (
        t: [("two", 2)].toTable,
        ot: [("one", 1), ("three", 3)].toOrderedTable)
      assert $toJson(foo) == """{"t":{"two":2},"ot":{"one":1,"three":3}}"""
      # if keys are not string|cstring, you can use this:
      let a = {10: "foo", 11: "bar"}.newOrderedTable
      let a2 = collect: (for k,v in a: (k,v))
      assert $toJson(a2) == """[[10,"foo"],[11,"bar"]]"""

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    proc toJsonHook[T](self: Option[T]; opt = initToJsonOptions()): JsonNode

  Enables `toJson` for `Option` types.

  See also:

  - fromJsonHook proc

  Example:

      import std/[options, json]
      let optSome = some("test")
      assert $toJson(optSome) == "\"test\""
      let optNone = none[string]()
      assert $toJson(optNone) == "null"

  Source Edit